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All of the following are massage manipulations EXCEPT?

  1. Effleurage.

  2. Petrissage.

  3. Circulation.

  4. Tapotement.

The correct answer is: Circulation.

In the context of massage manipulations, it is important to understand the terminology and techniques involved. Effleurage, petrissage, and tapotement are all established massage techniques with specific methods and purposes. Effleurage involves smooth, gliding strokes, often used at the beginning and end of a massage to promote relaxation. Petrissage involves kneading and rolling movements, which can help to relax muscles and improve circulation. Tapotement consists of rhythmic tapping or percussion, stimulating the muscles and enhancing blood flow. "Circulation," while it is a term often associated with the benefits of massage, does not refer to a specific manipulation technique. Instead, it signifies the physiological effects that massage can promote, such as increased blood flow and movement of lymph. Since it is not a recognized hands-on technique like the others, it is the correct answer to the question regarding which of the listed terms is not a massage manipulation.